rehabilitation

復健醫學（Rehabilitation medicine）



　　利用物理療法如運動來治療慢性疾病和使殘障恢復正常生理功能的醫學專科。目的在使因傷病致殘的患者恢復正常身體運動功能。
　　復健醫學到第一次世界大戰後才逐漸發展成一門醫學專科，當時由於兩大因素(流行性脊髓灰質炎和兩次世界大戰)造成了大批年輕人嚴重傷殘，復健醫學遂應運而生。復健醫學的創立必須歸功於美國醫師魯斯克(Howard A. Rusk)於第二次世界大戰期間和以後為傷兵復健所做的努力，其後才逐漸推廣到骨折、燒傷、肺結核、背痛、中風、神經和脊髓損傷、糖尿病、先天畸型、關節炎、視力和語言障礙等多種疾病的治療上。復健醫學與整型外科關係最密切，但幾乎所有科別(如內科、外科)皆與其有關。
　　復健工作包括止痛、改善或保持功能(如肌力和活動度)。用最有效的方法來訓練基本的動作和檢查各部位的功能(如肌力、關節活動度、呼吸肌能力和肌肉協調性等)。最常用的物理療法包括熱療、按摩、運動、電療和功能訓練。1970年代始又添加了心理諮詢、職業技能療法和其他能使患者恢復最大能力的多種新法。20世紀晚期高科技的發展，使得下半身癱瘓、四肢癱瘓和其他嚴重運動功能障礙的復健，可利用精密的微電腦送出模擬神經衝動的協調性電波至肌肉，使病人做出站、坐、走，甚至精細的手部動作。
（摘錄自大英百科）

Phonological questions

1. What are phonological universals?

2. What is traditional phonology?

3. How do phonology evolve into its current state?

4. How phonology is going to be changed?

5. What factors contribute to those phonological changes?

6. What new methods can we use in phonology?

7. Where do phonologists acquire informations?

8. What other fields can phonology apply to?

The Secret

"The Secret"(中譯:《秘密--心想事成的方法》)
此書作者為Rhonda Byrne, 因為出了這本極為簡單易懂卻又重要的暢銷書,被《時代》雜誌選為二零零七年最有影響力的人物之一,此書在美國短短一年就賣出八百萬本,台灣在去年中出版之後連印四十三刷.銷售逾三十三萬本.
此書最重要的重點有以下幾點,也可說是美夢成真的步驟:
1. Think clearly about your "available" dreams
2. Use positive words to discribe them
3. Order to the universe
4. Visualize your dreams
5. Try to take the first step to change the current circumstance
6. Feel you've already changed into a future circumstance and think more details
7. Thoughts become things
此書也曾被商業周刊報導過,詳情請參閱商業周刊第1059期封面故事"好事吸引力".
另外,我想實踐願望也得加上時間管理才能相得益彰,所以我也參考了商業周刊第1065期的封面故事"窮忙大解放",並歸納以下重點:
1. Do the 80% important things in 20% limited time
2. Separate things into several categories with quickness or slowness
3. Check your time schedule usually
再者,我想《秘密》一書所講的重點其實也跟東方佛教思想很像,佛教名人聖嚴法師有言:
存好心,做好事,好願在人間,意思就是人要存善心,多做善事與對世界抱持正向的希望,我們希望能美夢成真,雖不一定要對世界發願,但也是要抱持正向的願望才不會招來負面的結果.另外,當我們所希望的事都達到目標了,行有餘力了,就輪到我們回饋社會做好事助人了,有付出才會有收穫嘛!
與各位共勉之!!

Outline of the Preface and Chapter 1 of Phonology

Preface
Part I: Various theoretical considerations and phonological backgrounds
Part II: Explaining the similarities of world languages
Part III: Using experimental methods to tell the principles of changing sounds in the world.
Part IV: How do we establish the models of phonological contrasts
Part V: Using psycholinguistics and phonetics to test speakers and listeners’ phonological processes.
Chapter1
Introduction— This book focuses on the methodology achievements of phonology
Questions— There are some questions in the textbook that can help us read the book quickly and easily
Theories—We raises several theories to help us answer the questions
Methods—According to the theories, we establish some methods to answer the questions or do the experiments.

Phonology

Copenhagen School
Categorial Phonology
Cognitive Phonology
PartI--Ch4 Beyond Laboratory Phonology
PartII--Ch8 Linking DispersionFocalization Theory and the Maximum Utilization of the Available Distinctive Features Principle in a Perception-for-Action-Control Theory
PartIII--Ch11 Coarticulatory Nasalization and Phonological Decelopments: Data from Italian and English Nasal-Fricative Sequences
PartIV-- Ch16 Probabilistic "Sliding Template" Models for Indirect Vowel Normalization
PartV--Ch20 The SLIP Technique as a Window on the Metal Preparation of Speech: Some methodological Considerations

Neurolinguistics

Rehabilitation (復健) vs. habilitation (培建/健)
Patholinguistics
Neuroembryology
Trauma
Part I--Ch4 On modularity and method
PartII--Ch6 Speech perception: paradigms and findings
PartIII--Ch11 Lexical semantics disorder in aphasia
PartIV--CH14 Agrammatism revisited
PartV--Ch16 Breakdown of discourse

Biosemiotics

Jane Goodall
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Jane Goodall Institute
Eric R. Kandel
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Fox
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Juri M. Lotman
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Cybersemiotics
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Legal Semiotics
Michel Foucault
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Roger W. Sperry
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David H. Hubel
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Torsten N. Wiesel
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Walter Rudolf Hess
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Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
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